Report: Syrians, 'equipment' were in N. Korea train blast
Special to World Tribune.com
EAST-ASIA-INTEL.COM
Sunday, May 16, 2004
Syrian technicians accompanying unknown equipment were killed in the train explosion in North Korea on April 22, according to a report in a Japanese newspaper.
A military specialist on Korean affairs revealed that the Syrian technicians were killed in the explosion in Ryongchon in the northwestern part of the country, according to the Sankei Shimbun. The specialist said the Syrians were accompanying "large equipment" and that the damage from the explosion was greatest in the portion of the train they occupied.
The source said North Korean military personnel with protective suits responded to the scene soon after the explosion and removed material only from the Syrians' section of the train.
The technicians were from the Syrian technical research center called Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche Scientific (CERS). Although CERS was established to promote science and technology development, it has been viewed as a major player in Syria's weapons of mass destruction development program
The source said it was not known whether the cargo was the source of the explosion or whether it had exploded following a separate explosion on another section of the train.
As many as 10 Syrians and accompanying North Koreans were killed, according to the report. The bodies of the Syrians were taken home on May 1 by a Syrian aircraft, which had come to Pyongyang to deliver aid supplies.
The Syrians and North Koreans who transported the victimrs were also reportedly wearing protective suits similar to those worn by the North Korean military figures who arrived on the scene immediately after the accident, the source said.
The United States and other countries have expressed concern that Syrian and North Korea are developoing Scud-D missiles, as well as chemical and biological weapons.
Concerning the cause of the explosion incident, the DPRK has explained that a train carrying fertilizer containing ammonium nitrate and a railroad tank carrying petroleum were being shunted, and, in the process, came into contact with electrical wires, due to carelessness.
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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Public portraits of Kim's current wife signals rise of her son, Kim Jong-Chol
Kim Jong-Il's current wife, Ko Yong-Hi. Weekly Post
Portraits of Kim Jong-Il's current wife, Ko Yong-Hi, have been displayed recently at N. Korean military units and are seen as evidence of a new personality cult, a Japanese daily reported. The move is seen as preparation for one of her two sons as Kim's successor. An intelligence official said the report seems valid, adding that the North has already launched a campaign to idolize Ko as "Beloved Mother."
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EU will ignore U.S. sanctions
on Syria
SPECIAL TO WORLD TRIBUNE.COM
Sunday, May 16, 2004
LONDON - The European Union has decided to ignore U.S. sanctions on Syria.
EU officials said the Bush administration's decision to impose economic sanctions on Damascus would not affect plans by Brussels to increase trade with Syria. They said the EU planned to maintain a high-level dialogue with the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad to facilitate the signing of a trade agreement.
On Sunday, European Commission Vice President Loyola de Palacio was scheduled to arrive in Damascus to meet Assad and other Syrian leaders.
Officials said the discussions would focus on the role of Syria in a regional energy network. Syria exports natural gas and has proposed serving as a way-station for the transfer of Egyptian gas to Europe.
Spain, which invited Assad to Madrid in early June, has criticized the U.S. sanctions on Syria. Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Moratinos said Europe and Spain must cooperate in supporting Syria as a Euro-Mediterranean partner.
"Sanctions don't ensure the appropriate climate for a constructive understanding, but they increase factors of tension in the region." Moratinos said. "They have to develop and defend the fruitful relations with Syria."
Britain was the only EU member to support the U.S. decision to impose sanctions on Damascus. British Prime Minister Tony Blair said his government shares U.S. concerns over Syria's weapons of mass destruction programs and its harboring of groups deemed terrorists.
"We have concerns also about WMD, terrorism, human rights and cooperation over Iraq," Dean MacLaughlin, a spokesman for Blair, said. "We expect Syria to take these concerns seriously. In particular, we expect Syria to take a constructive approach to the situation in Iraq and work with us to restore stability and aid Iraq's reconstruction."
But the British goverment ruled out imposing similar sanctions on Damascus. London has sent a series of military delegations to discuss cooperation with Syria, but does not export lethal weapons to Damascus.
"We have similar objectives and concerns to the U.S., but we pursue those through a policy of critical and constructive engagement which allows us to encourage and support reform while talking frankly and robustly about issues of concern," MacLaughlin said. "Sanctions are a matter for the EU as a whole, not individual countries."
Political sources said senior figures in Blair's Labor Party have urged the prime minister to disassociate from Washington's policies in the Middle East. They said a key area where Britain should not follow the United States regards sanctions against Syria.
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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Strategists call for Israeli strikes against expanding WMD threat
SPECIAL TO WORLD TRIBUNE.COM
Friday, May 14, 2004
TEL AVIV - Leading strategists in Israel have proposed preemptive strikes against the expanding threat posed by weapons of mass destruction arsenals in the Middle East.
A report, entitled "Israel's Strategic Future," called such strikes an option in preventing the formation of a WMD coalition. The report said the Jewish state has been threatened by a biological or nuclear first-strike that seeks to exploit Israel's small space and high population density.
"To meet its ultimate deterrence objectives - that is, to deter the most overwhelmingly destructive enemy first-strikes - Israel must seek and achieve a visible second-strike capability to target approximately 15 enemy cities," the report, presented to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, said.
The report marked the last phase of Project Daniel, sponsored by the Ariel Center for Strategic Studies, part of the College of Judea and Samaria. The contributors to the report included [Res.] Maj. Gen. Yitzhak Ben-Yisrael, the former director of research and development at Israel's military and Defense Ministry, Middle East Newsline reported.
The report also urged the Israeli military to reduce the priority assigned to conventional warfare without impairing its superiority over any enemy coalition. The report said Israeli strategy must be revised to address the expanding threats from what it termed terrorism and long-range WMD attacks.
One option, the report said, would be to target an enemy WMD regime.
"The tools for preemptive operations would be novel, diverse and purposeful; for example, long-range aircraft with appropriate support for derived missions; long-range high-level intervention ground forces; long-endurance intelligence-collection systems; long-endurance unmanned air-strike platforms," the report said.
"Ranges would be to cities in Libya and Iran, and recognizable nuclear bomb yields would be at a level sufficient to fully compromise the aggressor's viability as a functioning state. All enemy targets should be selected with the view that their destruction would promptly force the enemy to cease all nuclear/biological/chemical exchanges with Israel."
The report called on Israel to operate a multi-layered ballistic missile defense system as well as establish a second-strike capability. Such a missile defense should include a Boost Phase Intercept capability as well as enhanced real-time intelligence acquisition, interpretation and transmission.
The report said that despite the prospect of a WMD attack, the principal existential threat to Israel was a conventional war mounted by a coalition of Arab states along with Iran. But such a war, the report said, could be facilitated by the development of WMD and result in nonconventional weapons strikes against the Jewish state.
"Irrespective of its policy on nuclear ambiguity vs. disclosure, Israel will not be able to endure unless it continues to maintain a credible, secure and decisive nuclear deterrent alongside a multi-layered anti-missile defense," the report said.
The report said advanced weaponry would enable Israel to reduce its defense expenditure while enhancing effectiveness and lethality in conventional warfare. The report cited the need for increased weapons range, precision, warhead efficiency; electronic warfare, reduced infrared and radio frequency signatures.
The report also stressed the need for real time tactical and strategic intelligence within a command, control, communications, computer and intelligence [C4I] system. The technologies cited to combat strategic threats included ballistic missile defense, early-warning satellites, combat unmanned air vehicles and deep-strike forces.
"There is no operational need for low-yield nuclear weapons geared for actual battlefield use," the report said. "There is no point in spreading - and raising costs - Israel's effort on low-yield, tactical nuclear weapons given the multifaceted asymmetry between Israel and its adversaries."
Israel must also maintain its policy of refusing to acknowledge nuclear capability, the report said. The report said such a policy should be revised in the future if an enemy state turns nuclear.
The report asserted that the development of an Arab and Iranian nuclear weapons program required 20 years while that of a long-range missile would need 12 years. But once development is completed, the report said, the production and acquisition of nuclear weapons and long-range missiles would entail a short process. Any country could build an arsenal of 100 atomic bombs within four years of the assembly of its first nuclear weapon.
"Israel will have to maximize its long-range, accurate, real-time strategic intelligence," the report said. "Israel will have to maximize the credibility of its second-strike capability. Israel will have to develop, test, manufacture and deploy a BPI [Boost Phase Intercept] capability to match the operational requirements dictated by enemy ballistic missile capacities -- performance and numbers."
The report also called on Israel to deploy recoverable and non-recoverable stealth UAVs to suppress enemy air defenses, electronic warfare, intelligence-gathering and strikes. The military was also urged to develop a second-strike land or sea nuclear capability.
To finance such an effort, Israel must cooperate with the United States, make better use of U.S. military aid and eliminate obstacles to U.S.-Israel defense trade. One option was for Israel to consider revising its defense strategy to account for an expanded U.S. military presence in the Middle East.
The report urged Israel to seek U.S. cooperation for a joint BPI project, something the Defense Department has refused. Another option was for the United States to "participate technologically and financially in Israel's multi-layered missile defense efforts as fully as possible."
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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Another Israeli APC destroyed in Gaza
Special to World Tribune.com
MIDDLE EAST NEWSLINE
Thursday, May 13, 2004
GAZA CITY - Palestinian insurgents destroyed another Israeli armored personnel carrier in the Gaza Strip.
It was the second time in as many days that insurgents destroyed an Israeli APC in the Gaza Strip. The APC was carrying a a ton of explosives that blew up and killed all five crew members in the combat vehicle along the Egyptian border with the Gaza Strip.
"An armored personnel carrier, responsible for the detonation of the tunnels, was struck and subsequently exploded while preparing to detonate a tunnel," an Israeli military statement said. "The explosion was apparently a result of an RPG fired at the force."
The blast on Wednesday evening tore apart the U.S.-origin M113 APC and pieces of the vehicle as well as parts of the bodies of soldiers flew into the adjacent Palestinian refugee camp of Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip. The Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the bombing.
"We don't really know what happened yesterday," Israeli Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Moshe Ya'alon told a news conference outside Rafah on Thursday. "This is being investigated."
The destruction of the two Israeli APCs has sparked what military sources termed an intensified effort to locate and eliminate Palestinian insurgency strongholds in the Gaza Strip. The sources said the military plans a series of combined armored, infantry and air operations in the Gaza Strip over the next few days. They said the navy would also participate in the missions.
"We have to think of the following day," Lt. Col. Ofer Winter, commander of the Givati infantry brigade's reconnaissance unit, said. "After three or four hours of sleep, the soldiers are preparing for the next operation."
The APC destroyed on Wednesday was part of a convoy on patrol along the Egyptian-Gaza Strip border to detect tunnels full of explosives that connect Rafah to neighboring Egypt and meant to destroy Israeli armored vehicles.
The lead vehicle in convoy, an armored D-9 bulldozer, was disabled by a mine and two soldiers were injured.
When the APC moved to help, it was struck by what appeared to be a rocket-propelled grenade that blew up the explosives inside the vehicle. The explosion took place along an eight-kilometer 20-meter wide border route called "Philalelphi." Military sources said this area was the most violent in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
"We conducted hundreds of such operations in the past and there were no casualties," Winter said. "But we always knew that this could happen."
Israeli troops and combat vehicles came under fire by Palestinian insurgents as they searched for the bodies of the Israeli casualties.
Ya'alon said that in the fighting Israeli troops killed nine Palestinians, seven of them in an AH-64A Apache helicopter missile strike. He said Egyptian authorities allowed Israeli military representatives to search for the Israeli bodies on the Egyptian side of the border.
So far, Israel's military detected and destroyed at least 11 tunnels in 2004. Military sources said Southern Command had increased patrols along the Egyptian border in wake of intelligence that Palestinian insurgents were trying to smuggle Soviet-origin Katyusha rockets into the Gaza Strip.
On Tuesday, an M113 APC was destroyed by a mine detonated by Palestinian insurgents in Gaza City. Six Israeli soldiers were killed and Palestinian insurgents made off with the parts of the bodies of the Israelis as well as subsystems of the M113.
On late Wednesday, Jihad returned the body parts in a deal arranged by Egypt. At the same time, Israeli troops and combat vehicles left the Zeitoun neighborhood of Gaza City, the target of an earlier Israeli attack on Palestinian weapons laboratories.
Israeli military sources said the success of Palestinian attacks on Israeli APCs reflect training and explosives relayed by Hizbullah. They said Hamas and Jihad insurgents have been trained in the production of mines, rockets and other weapons.
Palestinian sources said 24 Palestinians have been killed in fighting with Israeli forces in the Gaza Strip since Tuesday, at least 10 of them in Rafah on Thursday. Overnight Thursday, Hamas gunners fired a Kassam-class short-range missile toward a community in Israel. An Israeli woman was injured.
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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US Pushes World Court Immunity Amid Iraq Scandal
By Carol Giacomo, Diplomatic Correspondent
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Bush administration is pursuing its campaign to protect Americans from International Criminal Court jurisdiction even as it deals with the Iraqi prisoner abuse scandal that may involve some of the very war crimes the court was created to handle.
So far 89 countries have signed agreements with Washington promising that Americans accused of grave international offenses, including soldiers charged with war crimes, will be returned to U.S. jurisdiction so their cases can be decided by fellow Americans rather than international jurists.
Other states may soon be added, officials said this week.
"It's never been our argument that Americans are angels," one senior U.S. official told Reuters.
"Our argument has been if Americans commit war crimes or human rights violations, we will handle them. And we will," he added.
The permanent court was established in 2002 after ad hoc institutions dealt with war crimes in Yugoslavia and Rwanda.
But President Bush opposed it and insisted on so-called Article 98 agreements under which countries guaranteed not to surrender Americans to ICC prosecution.
With military and civilians on peacekeeping and humanitarian missions in 100 countries, Washington must preserve its independence to defend its national interests worldwide, U.S. officials said.
This position is coming under new scrutiny following publication of photographs showing U.S. army soldiers abusing and humiliating Iraqis at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad.
The photos have fueled international outrage and severely damaged U.S. credibility. U.S. officials promise the guilty will be punished but rights experts worry prosecutions will focus on lower-ranking soldiers, not their superiors.
WAR CRIMES PROSECUTION
"The political reality is that its going to be harder now to persuade democratically elected leaders to immunize the U.S. military from war crimes prosecution," said Tom Malinowski, Washington advocacy director for Human Rights Watch.
While some states may be more reluctant to sign the bilateral immunity agreements, it is unclear they can avoid it, said Anthony Dworkin, London-based editor of the Crimes of War Project Web site .
U.S. law prohibits military aid to countries that do not sign immunity accords and Washington has used this lever to exert "enormous pressure" on countries to sign, he said.
Some legal experts disagree with the use of Article 98 agreements and question government insistence that U.S. military interrogation rules in Iraq and elsewhere comply with the Geneva Convention.
Washington "is reluctant to test its interpretation" before international jurists, Dworkin said.
"All of us are appalled by those prisoner abuse photos and we need to address them," a U.S. official said.
"But the idea that the ICC would come in and judge whether we did enough ... that's where the politicization comes and where those who might have opposed the Iraq war in the first place could use that as an opportunity to whack us," he said.
Another official said: "You can't get out of these things by having somebody go to trial in international court. The only way to repair our authority and reputation is to show that we find the behavior abhorrent and are going to punish it."
Europe has resisted U.S. pressure and countries with major concentrations of U.S. forces, like Germany, Japan and South Korea, have not signed immunity pacts with the United States.
Copyright ? Reuters 2004. All rights reserved.
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No military draft in post-Saddam Iraq
SPECIAL TO WORLD TRIBUNE.COM
Friday, May 14, 2004
BAGHDAD - Iraq's interim government has agreed that the nation's new military will be based on voluntary service.
Iraqi officials said the Interim Governing Council has determined that Iraq will not renew the draft employed by the former regime of Saddam Hussein. They said the military will be based on an all-volunteer force similar to the United States and European Union countries.
In Amman, Jordan continued to train Iraqi police and security forces. On Thursday, a class of 500 police officers completed training and underwent graduation in Amman, Middle East Newsline reported.
Iraq has been training to complete the first phase of its new army, composed of 27 battalions. This calls for three light infantry divisions in a 40,000-member army.
Officials said Iraq could decide on a second stage of development that would expand the army to 60,000. Baghdad also plans to restore the nation's navy and air force.
"Iraq is passing through a very difficult security phase and all efforts should be focused on putting an end to the state of chaos by building effective security forces capable of restoring stability in the country," Iraqi police chief Maj. Gen. Taleb Abbas said.
So far, Jordan has trained and graduated 1,900 Iraqi police officers at Amman's police academy. Jordan agreed to train 32,000 Iraqi policemen by the end of 2005.
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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WRITTEN ON WATER
No Way to Run a War
The Democrats are guilty of ideological confusion and the Republicans of disdain for reflection.
BY MARK HELPRIN
Monday, May 17, 2004 12:01 a.m. EDT
Though America has condemned the cruelties of Abu Ghraib, they remain nonetheless a symbol of the inescapable fact that the war has been run incompetently, with an apparently deliberate contempt for history, strategy, and thought, and with too little regard for the American soldier, whose mounting casualties seem to have no effect on the boastfulness of the civilian leadership.
Before the war's inception, and even after September 11, the Bush administration, having promised to correct its predecessor's depredations of the military, failed to do so. The president failed to go to Congress on September 12 to ask for a declaration of war, failed to ask Congress when he did go before it for the tools with which to fight, and has failed consistently to ask the American people for sacrifice. And yet their sons, mainly, are sacrificed in Iraq day by day.
When soldiers are killed because they do not have equipment (in the words of a returning officer, "not enough vehicles, not enough munitions, not enough medical supplies, not enough water"), when reservists are retained for years, and rotations canceled, it is the consequence of a fiscal policy that seems more attuned to the electoral landscape of 2004 than to the national security of the United States. Were the U.S. to devote the same percentage of its GNP to defense as it did during the peacetime years of the last half-century, and the military budget return to this unremarkable level, we would be spending (apart from the purely operational costs of the war) almost twice what we are spending now.
The year-and-a-half delay between action in Afghanistan and Iraq mobilized the Arabs and the international left, weakened the connection with September 11, and prompted allies who would have been with us to fall away. The delay was especially unconscionable because it was due not merely to normal difficulties but to the aforementioned military insufficiencies and to indecision masquerading as circumspection. Once the Army and Marines were rolling, their supply lines were left deliberately unprotected, and are vulnerable to this day. Why? Why do the generals, in patently identifiable top-down-speak, repeatedly state that they need nothing more than the small number of troops (for occupying such a large country) that they are assigned? Why do they and the administration steadfastly hold this line even as one event cascading into another should make them recoil in piggy-eyed wonder at the lameness of their policy?
From the beginning, the scale of the war was based on the fundamental strategic misconception that the primary objective was Iraq rather than the imagination of the Arab World, which, if sufficiently stunned, would tip itself back into the heretofore easily induced fatalism that makes it hesitate to war against the West. After the true shock and awe of a campaign of massive surplus, as in the Gulf War, no regime would have risked its survival by failing to go after the terrorists within its purview. But a campaign of bare sufficiency, that had trouble punching through even ragtag irregulars, taught the Arabs that we could be effectively opposed.
Mistakenly focused on physical control of Iraq, we could not see that, were we to give it up, the resultant anarchy might find a quicker resolution than the indefinite prolonged agony through which our continuing presence has nursed it. Seeking motivation after the fact, we decided to make Iraq a Western-style democracy, and when that began to run off the rails, to make Iraq the mere model for a Middle East filled with Western-style democracies. Of course, instead of a model to inspire them (of which they have many, such as Switzerland), what the Arabs need is first the desire, and then a means to overcome the police states that oppress them, neither of which a reconfigured Iraq, were it possible, would supply. Japan and Germany are often cited in defense of this overreach, but rather than freeze our armies in place and set them to policing and civil affairs as we fought through the Second World War, we waited until we had won.
Having decided to remake a country of 26 million divided into warring subcultures with a shared affection for martyrdom and unchanging traditions, the administration thought it could do so with 100,000 troops. Israel, which nearly surrounds the West Bank, speaks its language and has 37 years of experience in occupation, keeps approximately (by my reckoning) one soldier on duty for every 40 inhabitants and 1/13th square mile, and the unfortunate results are well known. In Iraq we keep one soldier per 240 inhabitants and 1.7 square miles. To put this in yet clearer perspective, it is the same number of uniformed police officers per inhabitant of the City of New York. But the police in New York are not at the end of a 9,000-mile supply chain (they live off the land at Dunkin' Donuts), they do not have to protect their redoubts, travel in convoys, maintain a hospital system, run a civil service, reform a government, build schools, supply electricity, etc. And, most importantly, they do not have to battle an angry population that speaks an alien language, lives in an immense territory, and is armed with automatic weapons, explosives, suicide bombers, and rocket-propelled grenades. Imagine if they did, and you have Iraq. Imagine if then the mayor said, "We don't need anything further, it's just a question of perseverance: Bring it on," and you have the Bush continuum.
Leaving out entirely our gratuitously self-inflicted inability to deal with major contingencies in Asia, this has been the briefest summary of mismanagement, a full exposition of which could fill a thick and very unpleasant book. But to these failings the left offers no better alternative, for if the right has failed in execution, the left's failure, in conception, is deeper.
John Kerry may say one thing and another, but no matter how the topgallants break in the Democratic Party, its ideological keel is a leaden and unthinking pacifism, a pretentious and illogical deference to all things European, and the unhinged belief that America by its very nature transforms every aspect of its self-defense into an aggression that justifies the offense against which it is defending itself. After the enemy has attacked our shipping, embassies, aviation, capital, government and largest city, and after he has slit the throats of defenseless stewardesses, and crushed and immolated three thousand unwary men, women, and children, those who wonder what we did wrong are not likely to offer a spirited defense.
Their allergy to military expenditure assures that, unlike Republicans, who provided just enough to accomplish an arrogant plan if nothing went wrong, they would not provide enough to accomplish a humble plan if everything went right. They say that war is not the answer, and, meaning it, profess their faith in special operations. But are we to credit their supposed indignation that in the early Bush presidency there was a shortage of covert insertions into sovereign states, a dearth of assassinations, the absence of close cooperation with the intelligence services of dictatorships, and insufficient funding for black operations? Or to take seriously the crackpot supposition that this was a war for oil, the price of which, since the war, has gone up? And why then did we not invade Venezuela? It's closer, and the food is better.
With nothing to offer but contradictions and paralysis, they and their presidential aspirant have staked their policy on a mystical and irrational prejudice against unilateralism. This is a new thing under the visiting moon, an absurdity propounded by the very same people who often urge the U.S. to unilateral action when it refrains, for example, from interventions in Africa to fight genocide or AIDS. In what way is America, moving in concert with Britain and Spain to invade Iraq, more unilateral or less multilateral than France moving in concert with Germany and Belgium to oppose it? And does a wrong act cease to be wrong if others join in, or a right cease to be right if others do not?
Just as many Republicans detest the idea of international governance but glow at the prospect of empire, many Democrats are reliably anti-imperialist yet dewy-eyed about world government. Thus, Sen. Kerry's only non-secret policy for the war is a bunch of mumblings about the U.N. and our "allies," presumably the ones who are not with us at the moment in Iraq. It is they and the U.N. who in the fairy dust of multilateralism will solve this most difficult problem. But in fact they neither can nor will do any such thing. Either Sen. Kerry knows that his strategy is just a cover for simple, complete, and ignominious withdrawal, or he does not know, which is worse.
Though the parties have been incompetent, nothing but politics keeps them from correcting their deficiencies, and at a point like this, even if professional politicians are incapable of knowing it, explicit and decisive correction would be the best politics. The situation need not remain intractable if once again respect is accorded to certain fundamentals.
The military must be reconstituted so that it has a surplus of power without having to choose between transformation and tradition, quality and numbers, heavy and light: All are necessary. This is expensive, and would require more plain speaking and less condescending manipulation from those who govern, but would allow for the quick and overwhelming application of force, unambiguous staying power, coverage of multiple contingencies, and, most importantly, deterrence. It is always better to deter an enemy than, by showing weakness, to encourage him to take the field.
In addition to more aggressive unconventional, police, and paramilitary operations against the fragmented terrorist legion, we must strengthen civil defense. Although striking a thousand targets is easier than defending ten million, it isn't possible to control every laboratory and closet in the world. If the social cost and hundreds of billions of dollars annually necessary for a probabilistically effective defense against weapons of mass destruction appear a great burden, they pale before an unrestrained epidemic or a nuclear detonation in a major city.
In the Middle East, our original purpose, since perverted by carelessness of estimation, was self-defense. To return to it would take advantage of the facts that the countries in the area do not have to be democracies before we require of them that they refrain from attacking us; that a regime with a firm hold upon a nation has much at stake and can be coerced to eradicate the terrorist apparatus within its frontiers; and that the ideal instrument for this is a remounted and properly supported U.S. military, released from nation building and counterinsurgency, its ability to make war, when called upon, nonpareil.
The Kurds and Shia of Iraq could within days assert control in their areas. We already have ceded part of Sunni Iraq: What remains is to pick a strongman, see him along, arrange a federation, hope for the best, remount the army, and retire, with or without Saudi permission, to the Saudi bases roughly equidistant to Damascus, Baghdad, and Riyadh. There, protected by the desert, with modern infrastructure, and our backs to the sea, which is our metier, we would command the center of gravity of the Middle East, and with the ability to strike hard, fast and at will, could enforce responsible behavior upon regimes that have been the citadel of our enemies.
In a war that has steadily grown beyond expectations, America has been poorly served by those who govern it. The Democrats are guilty of seemingly innate ideological confusion about self-defense, the Republicans of willful disdain for reflection, and, both, of lack of imagination, probity, and preparation--and, perhaps above all, of subjecting the most serious business in the life of a nation to coarse partisanship. Having come up short, both parties are sorely in need of a severe reprimand and direct order from the American people to correct their failings and get on with the common defense.
Mr. Helprin is a novelist, a contributing editor of The Wall Street Journal and a senior fellow at the Claremont Institute.
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U.S. stymies interrogators: Direct questions, isolation only options
SPECIAL TO WORLD TRIBUNE.COM
Monday, May 17, 2004
The U.S. military has restricted techniques for eliciting information from detainees in Iraq.
Officials said Gen. Ricardo Sanchez, commander of U.S. forces in Iraq, has restricted options for use in interrogations at the Abu Gharib facility north of Baghdad. They said the new policy - ordered on May 13 amid the U.S. Army's investigation of interrogations at Abu Gharib - banned the use of techniques meant to pressure detainees to provide information to military intelligence.
One banned technique was the practice of forcing detainees into physically stressful positions. Until Sanchez's decision, such a technique required approval from the commanding general.
[On Monday, a car bomb exploded near U.S. military headquarters in Baghdad and killed Iraqi Governing Council head Abdul Zahraa Othman, Middle East Newsline reported.
Earlier, the Shi'ite Mahdi Army, employing grenade and mortar fire, drove an Italian military force from a base in the southern city of Nasseriya.]
"What is said is simply we will not even entertain a request, so don't even send it up for a review," a senior U.S. Central Command official said.
Officials said the only option left to interrogators after Sanchez's review was the isolation of the detainee for up to 30 days. They said this technique also required approval from the commanding general.
The Sanchez review came after a decision in October 2003 to ease restrictions imposed on U.S. military interrogators. Officials said the October policy provided greater options for interrogators - after approval from commanders - to force detainees to sit, kneel or stand in abnormal positions.
U.S. officials said the military has developed an interrogation plan that included the acquisition of background information on Iraqi prisoners for use in questioning. In addition, the military drafted a series of approaches meant to respond to the level of cooperation exhibited by the detainee. In all, the army manual lists 53 techniques for interrogation.
Military intelligence officials, providing the first open details in a Defense Department briefing on May 14, described the process undergone by a detainee after his capture and imprisonment in Abu Gharib, where thousands of Iraqis were being held. They said the detainee would be screened by military intelligence in cooperation with military police.
Military intelligence and military police then would examine the detainee and determine whether he should undergo interrogation. Officials said such a decision would depend on the tactical information required by commanders. They said the priority of commanders has focused on information that could protect U.S. troops and civilians.
The officials said the first task of the interrogator was to gather information on the detainee and draft what they termed an analyst support package and an interrogation plan. The plan included the type of information sought from the detainee as well as the approach to take with him.
In most cases, officials said, interrogators have taken the direct approach and merely ask questions. They said this approach elicited information in 95 percent of cases.
"Or if you're not talking or we think you're deceptive, we might think you might be a different person and say, 'Now I'm not sure," a Central Command official said. "'You're - aren't you so and so?' One of those approaches would be laid down."
The Central Command official said interrogators would require permission for any technique not on what he termed an approved list. One such technique that has required approval, he said, was forcing the detainee to stand for a period of time. In some cases, such requests would be relayed to the judge advocate general to determine whether such a technique was not banned by the Geneva Conventions.
The Bush administration has been besieged by U.S. media reports that Pentagon officials approved a special classified interrogation unit in Iraq to obtain information from Iraqi or foreign insurgents. One of the reports asserted that senior Pentagon officials authorized the use of harsh interrogation techniques against a Syrian national believed to have been sent to bolster the Sunni insurgency against the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq.
"It is our position, and has been from the very beginning, that we don't address these things because the one time you don't say something, that's the one time you're essentially confirming it," Pentagon spokesman Lawrence DiRita said.
But officials acknowledged that interrogations have been hampered by a block in the flow of information from battlefield units to Abu Gharib. They said this has prevented combat units from obtaining important information from detainees that could help operations.
The official said interrogations at Abu Gharib have yielded important information that later helped capture key Iraqi officials, including deposed President Saddam Hussein. Other information obtained through interrogation included the routes of Al Qaida-inspired foreign volunteers who arrived to fight the U.S. military in Iraq as well as the location and network of improvised explosive devices.
"We have gotten some great information on additional terrorist threats in Iraq, on radical Sunni Islamists working with former regime elements and how that working relationship takes place," an official said. "And we've also gotten some key information on terrorists. I'm going to put it as tactical: their techniques, tactics and procedures; their command and control structure; and how that's coming together there in Iraq. We've also gotten some great information on key personalities."
Copyright ? 2004 East West Services, Inc.
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Lawyer enforces rules for prisoner treatment
By Katarina Kratovac
Associated Press
FALLUJAH, Iraq -- A U.S. military lawyer assembled the guards at the jail on the 1st Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment's desert base to convey the latest orders: it is no longer permissible to hood Iraqi detainees. Blindfolds will suffice.
The practice was banned by the U.S. command after the scandal erupted over treatment of inmates at the Abu Ghraib prison near Baghdad. With the international outcry over the abuse captured in photographs shown worldwide, the Marines are being extra careful to go by the book in their handling of suspects.
"Sandbagging is now prohibited," said Capt. Jamie McCall, referring to the practice of putting bags over the heads of Iraqi suspects rounded up in raids or captured in combat.
A graduate of the University of Pittsburgh law school, McCall, 29, is a member of the Judge Advocate General's Corps.
The battalion sees him as their in-house lawyer, and commander Lt. Col. Brennan Byrne calls McCall his "legal beagle."
"I am here to answer their questions about all legal issues," said McCall, from Wilmington, Del.
These days, McCall is busier than ever.
The scandal over the Army's treatment of inmates at Abu Ghraib prison -- less than an hour's drive from this battalion's base -- shocked many Marines who take pride in their elite training and credo.
"Those people who did this will absolutely face some stiff penalties," Byrne said.
The first defendant goes on trial Wednesday in Baghdad.
However, the Marine record in Iraq is not spotless. Two Marines at Camp Pendleton, Calif., face courts-martial on charges including assault and dereliction of duty in the death of an Iraqi prisoner in their custody last year in the southern city of Nasiriyah.
Before getting to Abu Ghraib, McCall said, each Iraqi detainee passes two levels of screening -- at the detention center with the unit that captured him, then, if initial questioning determines his detention should continue, at a division-level detention.
Only after division screening shows "compelling evidence" that prisoners should be held are they taken to a third-level prison such as Abu Ghraib, where a magistrate court sits and decides the fate of each prisoner, McCall said.
Photographing any prisoner -- many troops have personal digital cameras in Iraq -- goes against rules of conduct and is strictly banned, McCall says.
Before deployment, Marines were "schooled up on the rules of engagement, law of war, what does and does not constitute hostile intent," McCall said. "And above all, the Geneva Conventions."
Once in Iraq, "we all carry a rules of engagement card" -- a yellow card with lists of these definitions, McCall said.
When officially speaking of the enemy, the Marines go by the book, using tongue twisting acronyms like FRE for Former Regime Elements, NCF for Non-Compliance Forces, ACF or Anti-Coalition Forces, and lately, AIF for Anti-Iraqi Forces.
But in April, during the urban warfare with insurgents in Fallujah, a Sunni stronghold some 35 miles west of Baghdad, the enemy became simply the "bad guys."
During Fallujah battles, Marines blamed the insurgents for "abusing law of war."
"It was unbelievable," McCall said. "They transported weapons in ambulances marked with the Red Crescent, stored up arms in mosques and hospitals, fired at us from mosques and shrines."
Still, Fallujah insurgents were considered "illegal combatants" and as such had to display a "hostile intent," not simply brandish a firearm, before they could become a target of the Marines.
Rules of engagement differ elsewhere.
In the southern city of Najaf, where U.S. troops battle a renegade Shiite cleric's militia, the al-Mahdi Army in its uniform black dress and headscarves, the group is perceived as a "hostile force."
"All I have to do is see a guy in that uniform, he does not even have to see me, he does not have to have a weapon in his hand, he goes down," Byrne said.
Copyright 2003 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Sex Abuse Is Poor Interrogation Tool, Israelis Say
By Dan Williams
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Sexual humiliation of the kind practiced by U.S. military police at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq does little to help interrogators gain useful information from prisoners, Israeli counter-terrorism experts said Monday.
Israel, perhaps unique in having public debate and legal guidelines on the use of physical coercion against suspects, does not use Abu Ghraib-type methods despite its close ties with the United States on security matters, they said.
"Under questioning, a terrorist should be made to yield. Sexual abuse goes too far by breaking him, so it's not an option," Ami Ayalon, former chief of Israel's Shin Bet domestic security service, told Reuters.
"A broken man will say anything. That information is worthless."
The United States is reeling from revelations that low-level personnel at Abu Ghraib prison outside Baghdad piled naked Iraqi detainees on top of one another and photographed them simulating sex acts.
New Yorker magazine said the abuses were ordered by U.S. military intelligence as part of the effort to gather information on Iraqi insurgents through interrogation. The Pentagon denied this, calling the scandal an isolated incident.
For many in Israel, the case recalled charges by a Lebanese guerrilla leader, Mustafa Dirani, that he was sodomized by an Israeli interrogator while in captivity in the mid-1990s.
Ayalon said the Dirani case was exceptional as he had been held by Israeli military intelligence, whose top-secret foreign missions secure it virtual freedom from judicial scrutiny, while the Shin Bet works in Israel and the Palestinian territories under strict Supreme Court guidelines.
"MODERATE PHYSICAL PRESSURE"
Under court restrictions, the Shin Bet can use "moderate physical pressure," including sensory deprivation and shaking short of causing permanent damage, on so-called "ticking bombs" -- suspects it believes know about imminent attacks.
"The Shin Bet has professionalism and oversight, so everyone keeps to these methods. They are effective enough," Ayalon said, adding that interrogators undergo almost three years of Arabic and psychology training before confronting their first suspect.
According to New Yorker correspondent Seymour Hersh, some of Abu Ghraib's abused inmates may have been photographed in the hope they could later be blackmailed into becoming U.S. informants. Israel depends on a vast network of collaborators in the West Bank and Gaza Strip to help its hunt for Palestinian militants waging a 3 1/2-year-old revolt with suicide bombings.
Palestinian advocates say collaborators are recruited on the offer of pay or after Israeli authorities withhold favors such as travel permits, an account confirmed by Shin Bet sources.
But sexual blackmail is almost unheard of.
"An informant risks being caught and killed by his countrymen, so he will only be effective if he works of his own free will, feeling it is worth his while," said Menachem Landau, a retired Shin Bet supervisor of Palestinian collaborators. "Someone acting out of fear will be unreliable and could even end up attacking his handler to clear his name."
Copyright ? Reuters 2004. All rights reserved.
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Donald Rumsfeld personnellement mis en cause dans le scandale des tortures en Irak
LEMONDE.FR | 16.05.04 | 08h56 * MIS A JOUR LE 16.05.04 | 22h02
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Le secr?taire ? la d?fense am?ricain a lui-m?me approuv? un projet destin? ? autoriser l'usage de m?thodes d'interrogatoire non conventionnelles pour obtenir des renseignements au sujet de l'insurrection irakienne, croit savoir le "New Yorker". Ces m?thodes, d'abord utilis?es en Afghanistan aupr?s de membres d'Al-Qaida, puis ? Guantanamo, sont ? l'origine du scandale des tortures inflig?es aux d?tenus irakiens de la prison d'Abou Ghraib, explique l'hebdomadaire sur son site internet.
Donald Rumsfeld est ? nouveau dans la tourmente. Selon un article du New Yorker ? para?tre lundi 17 mai et d?j? accessible sur le site internet de l'hebdomadaire, les tortures inflig?es dans la prison d'Abou Ghraib par des militaires am?ricains ? des d?tenus irakiens ont r?sult? d'une d?cision approuv?e secr?tement en 2003 par le secr?taire ? la d?fense.
L'auteur de cet article, Seymour Hersh, qui, avec la cha?ne CBS, avait r?v?l? le scandale d'Abou Ghraib, ?crit que les "racines" de cette affaire "ne reposent pas sur les penchants criminels de quelques r?servistes, mais sur une d?cision approuv?e l'an dernier" par M. Rumsfeld.
Cette d?cision visait ? "?tendre les limites d'un programme hautement secret, destin? ? l'origine ? la chasse d'Al-Qaida, aux interrogatoires de prisonniers en Irak", poursuit Seymour Hersh dans les colonnes de l'hebdomadaire new-yorkais, citant des officiers du renseignement actifs ou ? la retraite.
Ces officiers ont confi? au journaliste que ce programme "encourageait la coercition physique et les humiliations sexuelles de prisonniers irakiens, dans une tentative d'obtenir plus d'informations sur l'insurrection grandissante en Irak".
"FAITES-EN CE QUE VOUS VOULEZ"
Selon l'auteur de l'article, le projet, class? secret, autorisait ? tuer, ? capturer ou ? interroger les personnalit?s dites de valeur dans le cadre de la "lutte antiterroriste". Largement utilis?es en Afghanistan, ces pratiques ont ?t? appliqu?es en Irak avec davantage de mod?ration et uniquement - dans un premier temps - dans la traque de Saddam Hussein et la recherche des armements non conventionnels.
A mesure que l'insurrection gagnait en intensit? et que les pertes am?ricaines s'accumulaient, Donald Rumsfeld et Stephen Cambone ont d?cid? de les ?tendre aux interrogatoires pratiqu?s dans la prison d'Abou Ghraib, affirme le New Yorker. Le projet aurait ?t? approuv? et mis en oeuvre l'?t? dernier ? la suite des attentats qui ont vis? en ao?t le si?ge des Nations unies ? Bagdad et l'ambassade de Jordanie.
"Attrapez ceux qu'il faut et faites-en ce que vous voulez", constituait l'ordre de mission des militaires charg?s des interrogatoires, toujours selon les sources cit?es par l'hebdomadaire.
Cette d?cision aurait ?t? ?labor?e par Stephen Cambone, sous-secr?taire ? la d?fense pour le renseignement, puis approuv?e par Donald Rumsfeld et par le chef d'Etat-major interarm?es, Richard Myers. "La solution ent?rin?e par Rumsfeld et appliqu?e par Stephen Cambone ?tait d'?tre plus dur avec les Irakiens qui se trouvaient dans le syst?me carc?ral et qui ?taient soup?onn?s de prendre part ? l'insurrection", ?crit Seymour Hersh.
"GUANTANAMO?SER" LE SYST?ME DES PRISONS EN IRAK
Il cite ?galement le g?n?ral Geoffrey Miller, commandant du centre de d?tention et d'interrogation de la base navale am?ricaine de Guantanamo, ? Cuba, qui s'est rendu ? Bagdad en ao?t. L'officier, selon le New Yorker, aurait recommand? de "guantanamo?ser" le syst?me des prisons en Irak.
Mais, poursuit l'hebdomaire, Donald Rumsfeld et Stephen Cambone "ont ?t? plus loin" en autorisant des m?thodes "non conventionnelles" ? Abou Ghraib, notamment par le recours ? des humiliations sexuelles sur les hommes, pour leur soutirer des renseignements qui faisaient d?faut aux Etats-Unis pour r?primer l'insurrection.
La CIA, qui avait approuv? l'usage de techniques "sp?cifiques" pour les interrogatoires de dirigeants d'Al-Qaida apr?s les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, s'est oppos?e ? leur application en Irak a et ? refus? d'y coop?rer, selon le New Yorker.
Apr?s l'ouverture d'une enqu?te militaire sur Abou Ghraib en janvier dernier, il a ?t? d?cid? de pr?senter une version officielle des faits ne faisant pas mention du programme secret, selon le New Yorker, seulement de "gamins devenus incontr?lables", en l'occurrence les sept militaires actuellement inculp?s.
Une porte parole du Pentagone, Laurence Di Rita, a qualifi? samedi l'article de "saugrenu, avec un air de conspiration et rempli d'erreurs et de conjectures anonymes". "Aucun responsable du d?partement de la d?fense n'a approuv? quelque programme que ce soit con?u pour r?sulter en de tels abus comme ceux vus sur les photos et videos r?centes", a-t-elle affirm? dans un communiqu?.
Avec AFP et Reuters
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Les s?vices perp?tr?s ? Guantanamo auraient ?t? film?s
Les s?vices perp?tr?s contre les prisonniers du centre de d?tention am?ricain de Guantanamo ? Cuba ont fait l'objet d'enregistrements vid?o, selon un ancien d?tenu britannique, cit? dimanche 16 mai par l'hebdomadaire dominical The Observer. Tarek Dergoul, 26 ans, un des six Britanniques lib?r?s de Guantanamo en mars dernier, s'exprimant pour la premi?re fois sur la mani?re dont il avait ?t? trait? pendant sa d?tention, a affirm? avoir ?t? victimes de s?vices, qui ont tous ?t? film?s. "Il y avait toujours un type derri?re filmant ce qui se passait", a-t-il d?clar?, selon l'Observer. L'ex-prisonnier britannique a affirm? avoir subi des humiliations et des passages ? tabac, racontant notamment un ?pisode o? il ?tait confront? ? cinq militaires am?ricains. "Ils m'ont projet? du gaz au poivre ? la face et j'ai commenc? ? vomir, a-t-il affirm?. Puis ils m'ont attaqu? et clou? au sol, me mettant les doigts dans les yeux, me poussant la t?te dans les toilettes et tirant la chasse." "Ils m'ont ensuite ligot? comme un animal, se sont mis ? genou sur moi, me donnant des coups de pied et des coups de poing. En fin de compte ils m'ont sorti encha?n? de la cellule pour me conduire dans la zone de r?cr?ation o? ils m'ont ras? la barbe, les cheveux et les sourcils", a-t-il encore racont?. Le porte-parole du centre de d?tention de Guantanamo, le lieutenant-colonel Leon Sumpter, a indiqu? ? l'Observer que les enregistrements vid?o ?taient faits afin de pouvoir ensuite ?tre supervis?s par des officiers sup?rieurs. Tous les enregistrements sont conserv?s dans les archives de la base, a-t-il pr?cis?, selon le journal. Le r?cit de Tarek Dergoul a imm?diatement relanc? les appels au gouvernement britannique de faire pression sur les Etats-Unis pour obtenir la publication des enregistrements. "Le gouvernement doit demander que ces vid?os soient livr?es et la v?rit? sur ces all?gations tr?s s?rieuses ?tablie une fois pour toutes", a d?clar? le porte-parole pour les affaires ?trang?res du parti lib?ral-d?mocrate, Menzies Campbell. Deux autres d?tenus britanniques lib?r?s ont ?crit au pr?sident am?ricain, George W. Bush, pour lui exposer les abus et mauvais traitements inflig?s, selon eux, pendant les interrogatoires. - (AFP.)
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Cotes de confiance en baisse sensible pour George W. Bush et Tony Blair
La politique men?e par George W. Bush ne satisfait plus que 42 % des Am?ricains, score le plus bas jamais enregistr? depuis son arriv?e ? la Maison Blanche, r?v?le un sondage publi? samedi 15 mai par le magazine Newsweek. En plein scandale des tortures inflig?es aux d?tenus irakiens de la prison d'Abou Ghraib, 57 % des personnes interrog?es d?sapprouvent en outre sa gestion du dossier irakien.
Au Royaume-Uni, les sp?culations au sujet de l'avenir politique de Tony Blair risquent de prendre un nouveau tour apr?s la publication dimanche d'un sondage selon lequel 46 % des Britanniques jugent que le chef du gouvernement devrait d?missionner avant les prochaines ?ch?ances ?lectorales. L'?tude d'opinion, r?alis?e par l'institut Yougov pour le compte du Sunday Times, ajoute que 22 % des personnes interrog?es souhaitent son d?part apr?s ces ?lections, qui devraient avoir lieu dans un an, alors que 20 % souhaitent son maintien au 10, Downing Street. Qui plus est, 61 % des Britanniques disent ne plus faire confiance au premier ministre, alors que 36% expriment un avis contraire. Malmen? jusque dans ses propres rangs depuis le d?but de la guerre en Irak, Tony Blair a qualifi? vendredi de "futilit?s" les sp?culations au sujet de son avenir ? la t?te du gouvernement. - (Reuters.)
Acheter les droits de reproduction
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SPIEGEL TV EXKLUSIV
Iraker in US-Haft zu Tode gefoltert
Nach dem Schock ?ber die Misshandlungsbilder kommt aus dem Irak ein neuer schlimmer Verdacht gegen die US-Truppen. SPIEGEL TV liegen schriftliche und m?ndliche Belege vor, wonach ein 47-j?hriger Iraker in amerikanischer Haft zu Tode gefoltert wurde. Die Amerikaner sollen versucht haben, den Fall zu vertuschen.
ANZEIGE
SPIEGEL TV
Jaleels Leiche: Deutliche Spuren von Gewalteinwirkung
Berlin - F?r die amerikanischen Truppen war der Fall des Irakers Asad Abdul Kareem Abdul Jaleel reine Routine. Nachdem der 47-j?hrige Familienvater am 9. Januar 2004 in der amerikanischen Milit?rbasis Al Asad westlich des Ortes Khan Al Baghdadi gestorben war, f?llte ein US-Mediziner einen Totenschein aus. Offenbar ohne detaillierte Untersuchungen und laut Dokument auch ohne Obduktion diagnostizierte der Pathologe Luis A. Santiago, dass der Mann im Schlaf gestorben ("died in sleep") sei. Samt dem Totenschein ?bergaben die US-Truppen die Leiche kurz darauf dem Internationalen Roten Kreuz.
Zuvor hatten amerikanische Truppen den angesehenen Stammes-?ltesten auf offener Stra?e festgenommen und zur amerikanischen Milit?rbasis Al Asad westlich des Ortes Khan Al Baghdadi gebracht. Angeblich bestand der Verdacht, der Festgenommene geh?re dem irakischen Widerstand an. In dem Gef?ngnis innerhalb der Basis sollen die Soldaten Asad Abdul Kareem Abdul Jaleel massiv unter Druck gesetzt haben. Ein Mitgefangener beschrieb gegen?ber SPIEGEL TV detailliert, wie der 47-J?hrige f?nf Tage lang auf sadistischste Weise gefoltert wurde. Von den Misshandlungen h?tten US-Soldaten auch Fotos gemacht, so der Zeuge.
Am 9. Januar dieses Jahres starb Asad Abdul Kareem Abdul Jaleel in der US-Haft. An der Version eines nat?rlichen Todes jedoch gibt es erhebliche Zweifel. Ein irakischer Gerichtsmediziner, der den Leichnam des Mannes von den US-Streitkr?ften ?bernahm, best?tigte gegen?ber SPIEGEL TV in Bagdad eindeutig Folterspuren am K?rper des Verstorbenen diagnostiziert zu haben. Bilder des Toten belegen zudem, dass der Mann entgegen den US-Angaben sehr wohl obduziert wurde. Die Narben auf dem Oberk?rper deuten daraufhin, dass dies westliche ?rzte durchgef?hrt haben.
Tiefdunkle Bluterg?sse am ganzen K?rper
SPIEGEL TV
Familienvater Asad Abdul Kareem Abdul Jaleel mit seinen Angeh?rigen: An bestialischer Folter gestorben?
Die Bilder der Leiche lassen auch den Laien deutliche Gewalteinwirkung leicht erkennen: An beiden K?rperseiten sind gro?fl?chige, dunkle Bluterg?sse zu sehen, die von Schl?gen stammen k?nnten. An den Handgelenken und an den Unterschenkeln sieht man ebenfalls Bluterg?sse, die vermutlich auf tagelange Fesselungen zur?ckgehen. Auf dem R?cken zeugen Wunden von Schl?gen oder anderen Arten von Gewalteinwirkungen. Auch andere Schnittwunden im Brustbereich deuten auf Verletzungen hin, die kaum "nat?rlich" zu nennen sind.
Stellen sich die Verdachtsmomente gegen die US-Truppen als wahr heraus, bek?me der Folter-Skandal um US-Soldaten eine dramatische Wendung. Geht es bisher um gewaltsame Misshandlungen von Gefangenen und erniedrigende Verh?rmethoden, m?sste pl?tzlich wegen unterlassener Hilfeleistung, Totschlags oder gar Mord ermittelt werden. Auf die beteiligten Soldaten und deren Vorgesetzte k?men harte Strafen zu und die US-Armee im Irak w?re noch mehr Hass und Rachgel?sten als bisher schon ausgesetzt. Zwar gibt es schon jetzt mehrere Ermittlungsverfahren wegen ungekl?rter Todesf?lle im Irak und auch in Afghanistan - doch die US-Armee beharrt darauf, dass in keinem der Verfahren die Schuld von Soldaten habe nachgewiesen werden k?nnen.
Den SPIEGEL TV-Recherchen zufolge ist der Fall des Familienvaters Jaleel im besetzten Irak keine Seltenheit. Angestellte des Gerichtsmedizinischen Instituts in Bagdad best?tigten, dass sich unter den Toten, die das Internationale Rote Kreuz im Auftrag der Amerikaner an sie ?bergebe, immer wieder auch Folteropfer befinden w?rden. Allerdings sei es den irakischen Gerichtsmedizinern untersagt, eigene Untersuchungen anzustellen, sobald ein amerikanischer Totenschein vorliege - auch, wenn die Angaben ?ber die Todesursache offensichtlich falsch seien.
US-Armee schweigt
Allein in Bagdad, so Mitarbeiter des Instituts, w?rden w?chentlich etwa f?nf Leichen mit Totenscheinen der US-Streitkr?fte eingeliefert. G?ngige Praxis der Amerikaner sei, dass beispielsweise Leichen aus dem Gef?ngnis Abu Ghureib als Opfer von Granatenangriffen auf das Straflager deklariert w?rden. So sei dies allein in der vergangenen Woche bei 26 Leichen von H?ftlingen geschehen, obgleich nur ein Teil dieser Leichen die f?r Granatenangriffe typischen Verletzungen aufgewiesen habe, so die Mitarbeiter.
Im Fall des 47-j?hrigen Asad Abdul Kareem Abdul Jaleel scheint es mittlerweile auch eine interne Ermittlung der US-Truppen zu geben. Zeugen berichteten, dass sie von US-Soldaten zu den Vorg?ngen in der amerikanischen Milit?rbasis Al Asad befragt worden sein. Seit mehreren Tagen versuchte SPIEGEL TV zudem, eine Stellungnahme von den zust?ndigen Stellen der Armee in Bagdad zu bekommen. Bisher allerdings blieben sowohl m?ndliche als auch schriftliche Anfragen unbeantwortet.
SPIEGEL TV zeigt den Bericht am Sonntag, 16. Mai, um 22.55 Uhr auf RTL
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TSCHETSCHENIEN
Putins zwielichtiger Kraftmeier
Von Alexander Schwabe
Nach dem Bombenattentat auf Pr?sident Achmed Kadyrow kursieren in der russischen Teilrepublik Tschetschenien wilde Ger?chte ?ber die Auftraggeber. Die Macht im zerst?rten Land liegt nun bei Ramsan, dem Sohn des Ermordeten. Der passionierte Boxer unterh?lt eigene Todesschwadronen und gilt als Folterknecht von Putins Gnaden.
ANZEIGE
REUTERS
Unpassender Auftritt: Ramsan Kadyrow und der russische Pr?sident Putin (r.)
Der Auftritt im Kreml passte gar nicht zur gewohnten Erscheinung von Ramsan Kadyrow, 27. Wenige Stunden nach der Ermordung seines Vaters Achmed, 52, des Pr?sidenten Tschetscheniens, trat er vergangenen Sonntag an der Seite des russischen Pr?sidenten Wladimir Putin im Kreml vor die Kameras - statt im Anzug, oder wie sonst oft in Uniform, zeigte er sich in einem blauen Sportdress.
Ramsan Kadyrow, von Putin zum stellvertretenden Regierungschef ernannt, ist der neue starke Mann in Tschetschenien - auch wenn Sergej Abramow bald nach der Bluttat zum ?bergangspr?sidenten bestellt wurde.
Wie einst Saddam Husseins Sohn Kussei die Elitetruppen der Republikanischen Garden befehligte, so steht auch Ramsan einer mehrere Tausend Mann starken Eliteeinheit vor. Wie f?r die Republikanischen Garden, so ist der Begriff Sicherheitstruppe auch f?r Ramsans Soldaten eine Besch?nigung. Die dem Rebellenf?hrer und fr?heren tschetschenischen Pr?sidenten Aslan Maschadow nahe stehende Exilzeitung "Chechen Times" schreibt, die Kommandos seien zu R?uberbanden verkommen, sie raubten, entf?hrten und mordeten - m?glicherweise unter direkter Beteiligung ihres obersten Befehlshabers.
AFP
Sicherheitschef Ramsan Kadyrow: Parallelen zu Kussei Hussein
Anfang des Jahres berichtete die britische Zeitung "Guardian" von einem 27-j?hrigen Tankstellengehilfen, der von Ramsan pers?nlich misshandelt worden sein soll. Nachdem sie ihn drei Tage lang im Keller eines Hauses in der Ortschaft Hosi Yurt verpr?gelt hatten, sei der Sicherheitschef pers?nlich in die Zelle getreten, in der drei weitere M?nner festgehalten wurden. "Wei?t du wer ich bin?", habe Ramsan gefragt.
Boxer und Folterer
Der Befragte, der Ramsan aus dem Fernsehen kannte, bejahte. Daraufhin habe ihm der Pr?sidentensohn, der sich auch als Boxer versucht, auf den Kopf geschlagen und ihm in den Unterleib getreten. "Sie schlugen mich und brachen mir die Nase", sagte das Opfer weiter. Er sei schlie?lich frei gekommen, weil seine Familie der Polizei drei AK-47-Gewehre als L?segeld ?berbracht habe.
AP
Dynamo-Stadion Grosny: Explosion am "Tag des Sieges"
Hosi Yurt ist ein Ort des Schreckens. "Ich hatte schlimme Dinge ?ber den Ort geh?rt", sagte der Tankstellengehilfe gegen?ber dem "Guardian". Kadyrows Sicherheitsdienst verh?rt dort unliebsame Tschetschenen auf Verbindungen zu antirussischen Rebellen. Oder man h?lt sie schlicht fest, um von Angeh?rigen L?segeld zu erpressen.
Die Methoden sind skrupellos: "Ich habe von Leuten geh?rt, die dort 40 Tage lang mit Metallstangen geschlagen wurden", sagt der Tankwart, "sie zerschmettern einem auch die Enden der Finger". Regierungssprecher Abdulbek Vakheyev sagte dazu lediglich, Ramsan habe noch nie an Folterungen teilgenommen. Der Gefolterte dagegen sagt: "Wenn ich die M?glichkeit h?tte, w?rde ich Ramsan eigenh?ndig t?ten."
AP
Achmed Kadyrow stirbt durch eine Landmine
Die Schl?gertrupps Ramsan Kadyrows, gef?rchtet als "Kadyrowzis", haben die Arbeit ?bernommen, die fr?her der russische Inlandsgeheimdienst FSB erledigte. "Bisher gab es marodierende russische Einheiten, die in H?user eindrangen, raubten, vergewaltigten und mordeten, jetzt verlaufen die S?uberungen wie in der Stalinzeit: gezielt und heimlich", sagt Ekkehard Maass von der deutsch-kaukasischen Gesellschaft in Berlin.
Komplott- und Rachetheorien
F?nf Tage nach dem blutigen Anschlag im Dynamo-Stadion in Grosny ist noch immer unklar, wer hinter der Ermordung des Pr?sidenten steckt. Die Ermittler kommen nicht weiter. Niemand hat sich bisher zu dem Anschlag bekannt.
AFP
Kadyrow-Beisetzung in dessen Heimatort Zentoroj
Nach Angaben des stellvertretenden Innenministers Kadayew hatte der russische Geheimdienst FSB die Trib?ne zwei Mal ?berpr?ft, so dass die Mine kurz vor Beginn der Gedenkfeier anl?sslich des 59. Jahrestags des Sieges ?ber Hitler eingeschmuggelt worden sein muss. In tschetschenischen Zeitungen kursiert die Verschw?rungstheorie, ein Komplott zwischen Ramsan und Putin habe Kadyrow und sechs weitere Menschen das Leben gekostet.
Laut "Chechen Times" ist der Statthalter Moskaus zu selbstherrlich geworden, habe seine Begehrlichkeiten zu sehr auf die ?leink?nfte der Republik gerichtet und ?ber Geb?hr nach Unabh?ngigkeit gestrebt. Allein Ramsan soll gewusst haben, wo der Vater im Dynamo-Stadion von Grosny genau Platz nehmen w?rde. Die t?dliche Explosion wurde von einer kleinen Landmine ausgel?st, die direkt unter dem Sitz des Pr?sidenten angebracht worden war.
Nach Ansicht Ahmed Sakajews, Maschadows Vertreter in Europa, steckt Sulim Jamadaew, ein enger Freund Ramsans, hinter dem Anschlag. In angetrunkenem Zustand hatte er sich vor wenigen Tagen mit Ramsan gestritten. Es kam zu Sch?ssen, Jamadaew verletzte den Freund am Bein. Aus Freunden seien Feinde geworden. Behandelt wurde Ramsan in einem Moskauer Krankenhaus - weshalb er bereits wenige Stunden nach dem Attentat an der Seite Putins im Kreml auftreten konnte.
AP
Tschetschenien: Trauer und Verzweiflung
Aus Furcht vor Rache habe Jamadaew - in Zusammenarbeit mit dem milit?rischen Geheimdienst GRU den Kopf des Kadyrow-Clans get?tet.
Nach Einsch?tzung der russischen Regierung haben tschetschenische Rebellen den t?dlichen Anschlag vom vergangenen Sonntag ver?bt. Bereits vor zwei Jahren waren am "Tag des Sieges" 43 Menschen bei einem Bombenanschlag in Kaspiisk im benachbarten Dagestan gestorben. Sergej Fridinski, stellvertretender Generalstaatsanwalt in Moskau, vermutet den oder die T?ter von Grosny unter fr?heren Widerstandsk?mpfern, die Ramsan Kadyrow in seine ber?chtigte Sicherheitstruppe aufgenommen hatte.
Putins Tschetschenien-Strategie
DPA
Grosny: Russische Soldaten patrouillieren durch die tschetschenische Hauptstadt
Trotz Ramsans miserabler Reputation setzt Russlands Pr?sident Putin weiter auf die Kadyrow-Schiene. Seine Strategie: Der schmutzige Job, den tschetschenischen Widerstand zu brechen, sollen nun Kadyrows Truppen ?bernehmen. Das Kalk?l: Die russische Bev?lkerung toleriert den von ihm begonnenen zweiten Tschetschenienkrieg eher, wenn Tschetschenen von Tschetschenen get?tet werden, anstatt von russischen Soldaten - das Prinzip "Teile und Herrsche" gilt auch in Grosny.
Um die Kontinuit?t seiner Politik zu unterstreichen, entschloss sich Putin diese Woche gar, ?berraschend nach Grosny zu reisen. Als er in einem Hubschrauber ?ber dem Alltag der tschetschenischen Bev?lkerung stand, zeigte er sich erschrocken, wie sehr das Land durch den Krieg ruiniert worden ist. "Es sieht schrecklich aus", sagte Putin und versprach die tschetschenische Polizei um 1125 Mann zu verst?rken und Wirtschaftsexperten f?r den Wiederaufbau in die Region zu entsenden.
DPA
Folgen des Krieges: Ruinen in Grosny
Ob sich Putins Strategie auszahlt, scheint fraglich. Seit Ramsan Sicherheitschef in Tschetschenien ist, verging kein Jahr, in dem es nicht zu einem Mordanschlag auf den verhassten Kadyrow-Sohn kam. Dabei wurde er wiederholt verletzt. Auf einer von Rebellen betriebenen Website hei?t es, man m?sse nicht Nostradamus sein, um das Schicksal Ramsans vorauszusehen. Sollte er am Wahltag im September noch leben, sei das ein gro?er Erfolg f?r Moskau. "Es gibt einfach zu viele Menschen in Tschetschenien, die bereit sind, zu sterben, um ihn los zu werden", hei?t es weiter. Die Reaktion Ramsans ist nicht weniger brachial. In einem Interview mit der vom fr?heren Kreml-Berater Gleb Pawlowski gegr?ndeten russischen Internetzeitung "strana.ru" sagte er: "Ich werde diese Banditen und Terroristen zerquetschen."
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Malaysian Officials Deny Claims of Abuse
By JASBANT SINGH Associated Press Writer
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) - Government ministers on Monday denied claims by suspected Islamic extremists that they were routinely abused by Malaysian police interrogators.
Foreign Minister Syed Hamid Albar said comparisons of the treatment of Malaysian detainees to the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. troops at Baghdad's Abu Ghraib prison would be "very naughty."
Noh Omar, deputy security minister, said he met with detainees a few weeks ago and that no prisoner claimed being abused.
The charges of abuse were made by detainees in a human rights document obtained last week by The Associated Press that provides the most detailed accounts of alleged abuses since Malaysia began rounding up suspected terrorists nearly three years ago.
The government is holding about 100 people at a prison camp under security laws that allow indefinite detention without trial. About 70 of those are alleged Islamic militants, many of them suspected members of Jemaah Islamiyah, a group linked to al-Qaida and blamed for attacks that have killed hundreds of people in Southeast Asia.
Security officials previously said interrogations of the suspects gained information about plots to bomb U.S. and other Western interests in neighboring Singapore and about Malaysia's role as a meeting point for senior al-Qaida operatives involved in the Sept. 11 attacks.
Thirty-one of the detainees signed a complaint that was lodged with the government's Human Rights Commission. They listed 57 types of abuse they claimed to have been subjected to.
Noh disputed the accounts. He said that during a visit to the prison camp April 29, he spoke to every inmate and heard no complaints.
"None of them alleged to me that they were mistreated," Noh told reporters. "They only said they have repented and they want to be released soon to reunited with their families."
He said he would meet with international human rights activists if they wish. The New York-based Human Rights Watch is planning to issue a report on the treatment of Malaysian detainees Wednesday.
"I think these accusations are just to smear our country's name," Noh said. "They want to portray our situation like Iraq. Just because we have a camp where we hold detainees without trial, they think our methods are the same as U.S. methods."
The allegations were compiled by independent local activists from inmate complaints and handed to the Human Rights Commission in January. The panel said it did not investigate and passed the document to police officials, who have repeatedly denied condoning mistreatment of prisoners.
Unlike the scandal involving abuses at U.S. detention camps in Iraq, there is no independent corroboration, such as photographs or testimony from non-detainee witnesses.
The complaints range from verbal attacks and denial of religious freedoms to long periods of solitary confinement and physical abuse and humiliation.
Detainees charged they were routinely slapped, kicked and spat on during interrogations. One said his beard was set afire. Some said they were forced to perform demeaning tasks such as massaging interrogators' feet.
Lim Kit Siang, leader of the opposition in Parliament, said Monday that the government should conduct a thorough investigation.
"The Malaysian government has rightfully taken a stand condemning the abuse, torture and humiliation of Iraqis," Lim said. "We should also make sure that there is no such mistreatment of our own prisoners in Malaysia."
2004-05-17 15:57:28 GMT
Copyright 2004
The Associated Press All Rights Reserved
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When the Bank of China Wakes
By Desmond Lachman Published 05/14/2004
TCS
Judging by recent global market jitters, Napoleon might very well have been referring to the Bank of China and the global economy when he uttered his famous warning some two hundred years ago that "when China woke the world would shudder." However, it is unlikely that even Napoleon would have anticipated the complexity of the choices now facing China's policymakers as they try to engineer a soft landing for their economy. Nor would he likely have foreseen how vital a Chinese soft landing would be for the continued health of the global economy.
The importance of China to the global economy derives not so much from the size of its economy but from the fact that China has continued to grow at a remarkable 9 percent annual rate at a time that the rest of the world half-slumbered. As a result, while China accounts for only 4 percent of world GDP, it has accounted for as much as 15 percent of the world's GDP growth and almost 20 percent of the growth in world exports and imports.
These figures understate the importance of China's role as the locomotive for its neighbors, including Australia and Japan, which have become increasingly dependent on the 40 percent growth rate in Chinese imports. They also understate the importance of China as the dynamo for the boom in international commodity prices, including aluminum, copper, petroleum, and soybeans, which have helped keep Latin America's economies afloat.
No less impressive is the importance that China is assuming in the international capital markets as its external sector has strengthened and as foreign capital has flooded into China. By April 2004, China's holdings of US Treasury bonds approached US$400 billion, while it now accounts for almost 12 percent of each new auction of US Treasury paper. Were China to withdraw from the US Treasury market for any reason, ripples would be felt globally as US interest rates would be forced sharply higher.
The immediate risk that China now poses to the global economy is that it simply cannot continue growing at its recent torrid pace without stoking domestic inflation. In particular, it is difficult to see how China might sustain the 19 percent rate of industrial output growth or the 43 percent rate of overall investment growth that it registered in the first quarter of 2004. Inflation at the consumer level is already ticking up to 5 percent, while the growth in China's monetary and credit aggregates is now exceeding 20 percent.
Recent pronouncements by Chinese policymakers clearly suggest that they have become increasingly concerned about the risk of an overheated economy. However, they recognize that they are not equipped with the normal monetary policy instruments that would increase the prospects of a soft-landing for the economy. Indeed, the Bank of China recognizes that there are clear limits to the use of interest rates to cool the economy in the context of a currency that remains pegged to the US dollar.
Any attempt by the Bank of China to raise interest rates in such a context would tend to be neutralized by further encouraging the large inflow of "hot money" from abroad. And the Bank of China is not willing to contemplate a large revaluation or the floating of the currency that would restore potency to interest rate policy for fear of losing China's present international competitive advantage. Chinese policymakers view the maintenance of an undervalued currency as vital to generate the much-needed urban employment that might solve their chronic problem of rural unemployment.
Instead, in their effort to slow the economy, the Chinese authorities are being forced to regress to the blunt instrument of administrative credit and investment controls, whereby the government dictates to the banks to whom and how much they might lend. Apart from representing a retreat from the move to a more market oriented economy, such administrative controls constitute a hit-and-miss way of slowing the economy and heighten the probability that China has a hard landing.
For China's sake one can only hope that the Chinese policymakers follow through on their pronouncements to cool China's economy soon before the imbalances in that economy get worse. From a global perspective, one can only pray that they are blessed with good luck in applying the crude tools at their disposal to reign in an overheated Chinese economy without precipitating a hard landing that would be so damaging to the world economy.
Desmond Lachman is a frequent contributor. He recently wrote for TCS about it being Time for a New Broom at the IMF.
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Time for a New Broom at the IMF
By Desmond Lachman Published 03/25/2004
TCS
Horst Koehler's hasty departure as the IMF's Managing Director has already started the horse-trading amongst the European nations to whom tradition has assigned the task of nominating a successor. It would be the greatest of pities if in that horse-trading the Europeans lost sight of the fact that perhaps never before has the IMF been in need of more basic reform. For the IMF now has practically nothing to say about the key global exchange rate issues of the day. Moreover, in recent years, the IMF's bread and butter business of lending to crisis-stricken countries has run amok.
Set up in the shadow of the Great Depression by the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement, the IMF's basic mission was supposed to have been that of "promoting exchange rate stability, maintaining orderly exchange rate arrangements, and avoiding competitive exchange depreciations." In particular, the IMF was to have been the bulwark against a repetition of the destructive competitive depreciations of the 1930s that were thought to have been a major factor in the length of the Great Depression.
Yet today, the IMF offers little leadership in addressing the burning currency issues of the day that have eerily come to resemble those of the 1930s. What, if anything, has the IMF been saying about the fact that the three major global economies -- Europe, Japan, and the United States -- simultaneously want weaker currencies? Does the IMF even raise an eyebrow when Japan engages in massive purchases of US dollars, to the tune of US$100 billion in the first two months of 2004, with the explicit objective of weakening the yen? Or could the IMF be more conspicuously silent about the fact that a host of Asian countries, led by China and India, maintain currencies that are grossly undervalued by any reasonable measure?
One would hope that in their deliberations, the European nations seek a new IMF chief, who might provide the intellectual leadership so sorely needed to deal with today's difficult global exchange rate issues. For only then can one expect the IMF to get back into the game of promoting orderly exchange rates, so necessary for enhancing global prosperity.
The Europeans also might wish to nominate a new IMF chief who would restore order to the chaos in IMF lending to "emerging market" countries. Since the 1995 Mexican peso crisis, the IMF has abandoned the normal limits that used to apply to the amount of money it would lend to a country in distress. Instead, it has lent tens of billions of dollars to countries on the grounds that "exceptional circumstances" prevail. The net result of this approach has been huge bailouts that provide incentives for investors and governments alike to behave in an irresponsible fashion, since they assume that they will be saved from the consequences of their mistakes by the IMF's largesse. It has also eliminated any semblance of transparency in the IMF's lending operations and it has undermined the IMF's balance sheet. This latter point is epitomized by the fact that Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, and Turkey now account for three quarters of the IMF's outstanding loan portfolio.
The fact that the IMF is now forced to lend Argentina very sizeable amounts of money in order to ensure that Argentina does not default on its past IMF loans should raise basic questions about the wisdom of the IMF's current lending policy. In particular, it should raise the question as to whether the IMF should not revert to its pre-1995 type of access limit policy, whereby there were strict ceilings upon the amount that the IMF could lend to any individual country. Such a change in policy would effectively restrict the IMF to its original role of a catalytic lender for the emerging markets.
Given the IMF's highly hierarchical structure and the very long tenure of its Managing Director's appointment, it is not often that one has the opportunity to change the IMF's basic direction. In today's increasingly complicated financial market world, it would be a crying shame if Europe's leaders did not grasp this opportunity to effect real change at the IMF.
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2nd ID elements to move from Korea to Iraq
By Matthew Cox
Times staff writer
With no other fresh combat forces available, the Army is planning on pulling soldiers from 2nd Infantry Division out of Korea and sending them to Iraq.
One of the 2nd ID's two maneuver brigades is slated to deploy to Iraq as part of a larger force to replace the 20,000 soldiers the Pentagon recently extended to deal with increasing violence there, said a Pentagon planner, who requested that his name not be used.
It would be the first time in more than 50 years that U.S. military used the 2nd Infantry's two brigades for a mission other than the defense of South Korea.
Pentagon officials maintain that the movement of one brigade will have little impact on South Korea's ability to defend itself from attack from North Korean forces.
"The South Korean army is a capable force, unlike it was in the 1950s," said the Pentagon planner.
The 2nd ID is part of a force of about 37,000 troops that the U.S. maintains in South Korea. The South Korean Army has about 560,000 soldiers, compared to North Korea's force of 1 million soldiers.
U.S. carrier battle groups in the region and three Marine Expeditionary Force units stationed at Okinawa could help in the event of an attack, the planner said.
While no date has been set yet, the brigade from the 2nd ID would likely deploy about the end of June when the 1st Armored Division 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment are slated to pull out, he said. Those units were scheduled to redeploy in April, but were ordered to stay in Iraq up to 90 additional days because of escalating violence..
Joining the 2nd ID force for the year-long tour would be elements of the 10th Mountain and two companies from the 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment, which serve as opposing force soldiers at the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk, La., the planner said.
Posted by maximpost
at 8:50 PM EDT